Placebo effect in burning mouth syndrome: a systematic review

Placebo controls play a critical role in the evaluation of any pharmacotherapy. This review surveys the placebo arm in 12 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating burning mouth syndrome (BMS) and documents a positive placebo response in 6 of them. On average, treatment with placebos produced a response that was 72% as large as the response to active drugs. The lack of homogeneity in the use of placebos adds to the difficulty in comparing results and aggregating data. Future RCTs investigating BMS would benefit from larger sample sizes, adequate follow‐up periods, and use of a standard placebo.     

冲击复合伤大鼠对血气变化及病理形态学的影响和c-fos蛋白表达的研究

目的　探讨冲击波复合四氧化二氮 (N2 O4 )染毒致冲毒复合伤大鼠对血气变化及病理形态学的影响和c fos蛋白的表达及其意义。方法　采用Wistar大鼠复制冲击伤、N2 O4 中毒复合效应动物模型 ,于伤后 3,6 ,1 2 ,2 4 ,4 8及 72h活杀 ,进行主要器官病理形态学检查 ,血气分析并采用H&E及SP免疫组化技术观察肺组织损伤病变特点及c fos基因表达的变化。结果　三组动物PaO2 均在伤后 3～ 6h内显著下降 ,冲毒复合伤组动物伤后PaO2 下降最为显著。三组动物的主要病理形态学均有改变 ,以冲毒复合伤组的损伤最重 ;免疫组化显示c fos蛋白于冲击伤和N2 O4 组表达均明显增加 ,而于冲氮组表达持续呈强阳性。结论　N2 O4 冲毒复合伤对血气的影响极及显著。另外 ,三组动物的主要病理形态学均有改变 ,以冲毒复合伤组的损伤最重 ;结果表明c fos蛋白表达参与冲毒复合伤对肺损伤的加重过程     

Motion correction for three-dimensional chemical exchange saturation transfer imaging without direct water saturation artifacts

In chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI, motion correction is compromised by the drastically changing image contrast at different frequency offsets, particularly at the direct water saturation. In this study, a simple extension for conventional image registration algorithms is proposed, enabling robust and accurate motion correction of CEST-MRI data. The proposed method uses weighted averaging of motion parameters from a conventional rigid image registration to identify and mitigate erroneously misaligned images. Functionality of the proposed method was verified by ground truth datasets generated from 10 three-dimensional in vivo measurements at 3 T with simulated realistic random rigid motion patterns and noise. Performance was assessed using two different criteria: the maximum image misalignment as a measure for the robustness against direct water saturation artifacts, and the spectral error as a measure of the overall accuracy. For both criteria, the proposed method achieved the best scores compared with two motion-correction algorithms specifically developed to handle the varying contrasts in CEST-MRI. Compared with a straightforward linear interpolation of the motion parameters at frequency offsets close to the direct water saturation, the proposed method offers better performance in the absence of artifacts. The proposed method for motion correction in CEST-MRI allows identification and mitigation of direct water saturation artifacts that occur with conventional image registration algorithms. The resulting improved robustness and accuracy enable reliable motion correction, which is particularly crucial for an automated and carefree evaluation of spectral CEST-MRI data, e.g., for large patient cohorts or in clinical routines.     

国产化学氧化法(综合氧化剂)测胆红素试剂盒的质量评估

目的 评价化学氧化法（综合氧化剂）测定血清中总胆红素和直接胆红素。方法 通过测定精密性、准确性、各种干扰和与钒酸试剂法的相关试验。结果 总、直胆精密度分别为批内CV1．01％与3．24％，日间CV为1．58％与2．31％；平均回收率总胆为100．8％，直胆为104．5％，与日本钒酸氧化法共测40例相关性为：总胆Y（综）＝1．05X（钒）－2．53，r=0.9992;直胆Y（综）＝1．19X（钒）－4．56，r=0.9985。Hb浓度＜300mg/dl，脂血在Intralipos指数5以下不受干扰。结论 该法简单、快速、稳定、完全适应临床使用。     

南京日遗化武处置的医学防护和毒剂洗消

侵华日军在第二次世界大战结束时,将大量化学武器遗弃在我国境内。目前,中日双方正对部分日遗化武进行联合处置。作为任务的医疗保障和应急救援力量,针对日遗化武处置现场化学事故具有突发性、复杂性、破坏性等特点,本文对可能发生的化学战剂事故进行医学防护和洗消方面的探讨,有利于提高对日遗化武危害性的认识和应急处置能力,减少和避免日遗化武处置过程中对相关人员的伤害和环境污染,更好地完成好日本遗弃在华化学武器处置的医学保障任务。     

防化医学研究现状及未来发展策略

目的总结国内外防化医学研究现状和发展动态,提出未来我国防化医学发展方向和建设重点。方法采用情报调研方法,检索近10年来国内外相关领域研究论文、综述、研究报告和论著,分析该学科领域取得的新进展和发展趋势。结果国外防化医学新进展主要体现在化学战剂现场快速侦检装备研发及在体生物标志物检测技术的建立;在神经性毒剂及全身中毒性毒剂损伤防治药物,以及窒息性毒剂及糜烂性毒剂致伤机制研究上,均取得显著进展,相关创新性研究成果已装备部队。国内防化医学新进展主要包括：基本形成针对重点化学战剂损伤医学防护能力;较好完成防化医学的任务职能定位与转型;将防化医学研究领域由单纯应对化学战拓展至化学突发事件、化学恐怖袭击等非战争军事行动应急医学救援。结论未来的防化医学研究,应以需求为牵引,在注重对传统化学战剂损伤防治药物研究的同时,更加关注非传统化学战剂、化学恐怖剂及军事作业相关毒物损伤效应和防治措施研究。     

宁夏枸杞子化学成分的研究

目的研究枸杞子的化学成分。方法利用硅胶柱层析、氧化镁柱层析、Sephadex LH-20凝胶和高效液相色谱法对其化学成分进行分离纯化,通过理化性质和波谱数据分析鉴定化合物结构。结果从枸杞子中分离得到8个化合物,鉴定了8个化合物,分别为：烟酸（1）,棕榈酸（2）,正二十烷酸（3）,麦角甾醇（4）,β-胡萝卜素（5）,玉米黄素双棕榈酸酯（6）,β-谷甾醇（7）,甜菜碱（8）。结论化合物正二十烷酸（3）为首次从该植物中得到。     

新鲜羊膜移植联合自体血清治疗严重眼化学烧伤的临床观察

目的:观察新鲜羊膜移植联合自体血清治疗严重眼化学伤的临床疗效.方法:将病例按照治疗方法不同随机分为新鲜羊膜移植术联合自体血清的治疗组和单独应用新鲜羊膜治疗组及单独应用自体血清组,观察疗效及治疗时间.结果:新鲜羊膜移植联合自体血清的治疗组治疗严重眼化学烧伤治愈率高,组间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);在治疗时间上,组间亦有统计学差异(P＜0.05).结论:新鲜羊膜移植术联合自体血清治疗眼化学烧伤有较好的疗效.     

Validation of MRI biomarkers of hepatic steatosis in the presence of iron overload in the ob/ob mouse

Purpose:

To validate the utility and performance of a T correction method for hepatic fat quantification in an animal model of both steatosis and iron overload.

Materials and Methods:

Mice with low (n = 6), medium (n = 6), and high (n = 8) levels of steatosis were sedated and imaged using a chemical shift‐based fat‐water separation method to obtain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) fat‐fraction measurements. Imaging was performed before and after each of two superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) injections to create hepatic iron overload. Fat‐fraction maps were reconstructed with and without T correction. Fat‐fraction with and without T correction and T measurements were compared after each injection. Liver tissue was harvested and imaging results were compared to triglyceride extraction and histology grading.

Results:

Excellent correlation was seen between MRI fat‐fraction and tissue‐based fat quantification. Injections of SPIOs led to increases in R (=1/T). Measured fat‐fraction was unaffected by the presence of iron when T correction was used, whereas measured fat‐fraction dramatically increased without T correction.

Conclusion:

Hepatic fat‐fraction measured using a T‐corrected chemical shift‐based fat‐water separation method was validated in an animal model of steatosis and iron overload. T correction enables robust fat‐fraction estimation in both the presence and absence of iron, and is necessary for accurate hepatic fat quantification. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;35:844–851. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Diffusion-weighted MRI of fatty liver

Purpose:

To investigate the effect of fat infiltration on the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of liver, and assess the relationship between ADC and hepatic fat fraction (HFF).

Materials and Methods:

MRI scans of 120 consecutive patients were included in this retrospective study. Of these, 42 patients were included in the fatty liver group and 78 in the control group. ADC values were measured from a pair of diffusion‐weighted (DW) images (b = 0 mm²/s and 1000 mm²/s). HFFs were measured using T1W GRE dual‐echo images. The difference between the ADCs of the two groups was assessed with the t‐test. The relationship between HFF and ADC was determined using linear regression analysis and the Pearson correlation coefficient (r).

Results:

Mean HFFs were 0.85 ± 2.86 and 13.67 ± 8.62 in the control and fatty liver groups, respectively. The mean ADC of fatty liver group 1.20 ± 0.22 × 10^?3 mm²/s was significantly lower than that of the control group 1.32 ± 0.23 × 10^?3 mm²/s (P = 0.02). Linear regression analysis revealed an inverse relationship between ADC and HFF (r = ?0.39, P < 0.0001).

Conclusion:

ADC significantly decreases in patients with >5% HFF, and ADC and HFF exhibit an inverse relationship. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;35:1109‐1111. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.